In modern color theory, also known as the RGB color model, red, green and blue are additive primary colors.
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Painters in the Renaissance mixed red and blue to make violet: Cennino Cennini, in his 15th-century manual on painting, wrote, "If you want to make a lovely violet colour, take fine lac, ultramarine blue (the same amount of the one as of the other) with a binder" he noted that it could also be made by mixing blue indigo and red hematite. On the color wheel long used by painters, and in traditional color theory, red is one of the three primary colors, along with blue and yellow. Red light is used to help adapt night vision in low-light or night time, as the rod cells in the human eye are not sensitive to red. This may have driven further adaptations by species taking advantage of this new ability, such as the emergence of red faces. One theory for why primates developed sensitivity to red is that it allowed ripe fruit to be distinguished from unripe fruit and inedible vegetation. Bulls, for instance, cannot see the red color of the cape of a bullfighter, but they are agitated by its movement.
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Primates can distinguish the full range of the colors of the spectrum visible to humans, but many kinds of mammals, such as dogs and cattle, have dichromacy, which means they can see blues and yellows, but cannot distinguish red and green (both are seen as gray). In the language of optics, red is the color evoked by light that stimulates neither the S or the M (short and medium wavelength) cone cells of the retina, combined with a fading stimulation of the L (long-wavelength) cone cells. It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the light just past this range is called infrared, or below red, and cannot be seen by human eyes, although it can be sensed as heat. The human eye sees red when it looks at light with a wavelength between approximately 625 and 740 nanometers. They charge the matador's cape because of its motion, not its color.
2.2 In color theory and on a computer screen.In China, India and many other Asian countries it is the color symbolizing happiness and good fortune. Modern surveys in Europe and the United States show red is also the color most commonly associated with heat, activity, passion, sexuality, anger, love, and joy. Since red is the color of blood, it has historically been associated with sacrifice, danger, and courage. It was adopted by North Vietnam in 1954, and by all of Vietnam in 1975. Communist China adopted the red flag following the Chinese Revolution of 1949. Red became a symbolic color of communism and socialism Soviet Russia adopted a red flag following the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, until the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1993. The 19th century brought the introduction of the first synthetic red dyes, which replaced the traditional dyes. : 60–61 In the Renaissance, the brilliant red costumes for the nobility and wealthy were dyed with kermes and cochineal. It was also an important color in China, where it was used to color early pottery and later the gates and walls of palaces. The Ancient Egyptians and Mayans colored their faces red in ceremonies Roman generals had their bodies colored red to celebrate victories. Red pigment made from ochre was one of the first colors used in prehistoric art. Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy. It is a primary color in the RGB color model and a secondary color (made from magenta and yellow) in the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan. It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres. Red is the color at the long wavelength end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.
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